Kolkata's film industry, colloquially known as Tollywood, has witnessed a radical shift in how female characters are written and portrayed. From Muse to Protagonist

The late 1990s and early 2000s saw a shift toward commercial, mainstream cinema where actresses like Rituparna Sengupta and Debasree Roy balanced art-house sensibilities with commercial viability. However, the media landscape remained top-down, with newspapers, magazines, and television channels acting as the sole gatekeepers between the actresses and their audience. 2. The Digital Renaissance and OTT Platforms

: Both are highly regarded for their versatile performances across Bengali cinema and their successful transition into major like Paatal Lok and Bulbbul [14, 15]. Oindrila Sen