Cats that begin urinating outside their litter box are often suffering from feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), idiopathic cystitis, or age-related cognitive decline, rather than "spite."
Animal behavior and veterinary science are two sides of the same coin. One provides the biological framework for life, while the other provides the psychological context. As our understanding of the animal mind deepens, the veterinary profession continues to evolve, proving that the health of the body can never be fully realized without the health of the mind. stray x zooskool biography new
: Monitoring disease trends, including zoonotic diseases that can spread from animals to humans, such as COVID-19 or avian flu. The Science of Animal Behavior Cats that begin urinating outside their litter box
Beyond stress, serious mental illness affects companion animals at a rate that mirrors humans. The field of (board-certified specialists with DVM plus residency training) tackles conditions once dismissed as "just being a bad dog." : Monitoring disease trends