Khomeini argues that human beings are inherently flawed—driven by greed, ego, and selfish desires. Therefore, a government is not merely an option but an absolute necessity to ensure order and justice.

This public link is valid for 7 days and shares a thread, including any personal information you added. This link or copies made by others cannot be deleted. If you share with third parties, their policies apply. Can’t copy the link right now. Try again later.

: Under Reza Shah Pahlavi, the Iranian state underwent aggressive modernization, secularization, and Westernization. This severely restricted the traditional authority of the Islamic clergy ( 'ulamā' ).

While not fully developed into the structure seen in 1979, the nascent idea of Velayat-e Faqih (the guardianship of the jurist) is presented here. Khomeini argued that in the absence of the Twelfth Imam, the just, qualified religious jurists (Faqihs) are the legitimate authorities to guide society. D. Rejection of Modernizing Trends